Neuropathy No More by Jodi Knapp

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive therapy that involves using low-voltage electrical currents to stimulate nerves through the skin. It is commonly used to manage pain, including neuropathy-related pain, by modulating the way pain signals are transmitted to the brain. Here’s how TENS works for neuropathy and its role in treatment:

1. Mechanism of Action:

• Pain Gate Theory: The primary mechanism behind TENS is based on the gate control theory of pain. According to this theory, the electrical stimulation delivered by TENS interferes with the transmission of pain signals from the affected nerves to the brain. The electrical impulses are thought to “close the pain gate” at the spinal cord level, which reduces the sensation of pain.
  • When TENS is applied to the skin near the area of neuropathic pain, the electrical impulses stimulate the sensory nerves, which compete with pain signals trying to travel to the brain. As a result, pain perception is reduced.
• Endorphin Release: TENS may also stimulate the release of endorphins (natural pain-relieving chemicals produced by the body). The electrical impulses can encourage the body to release these chemicals, leading to a reduction in pain and an increase in overall well-being.

2. Types of TENS:

• Conventional TENS (High Frequency): In conventional TENS, a higher frequency of electrical impulses (typically between 50-100 Hz) is used. This type of TENS is effective in providing immediate relief from neuropathic pain, especially during or after activity. The electrical pulses are typically felt as a mild tingling sensation, and it’s often used for acute pain relief.
• Low-Intensity TENS (Low Frequency): Low-frequency TENS (also called acupuncture-like TENS) uses a lower frequency (typically 1-4 Hz) and higher intensity stimulation. This type of TENS is believed to promote the release of endorphins, which may provide longer-lasting pain relief. It’s particularly effective for chronic pain associated with neuropathy.
• Burst Mode TENS: In this mode, TENS delivers short bursts of electrical impulses at a lower frequency. The burst mode can be useful for deep tissue pain or muscle-related pain that might accompany neuropathy, such as muscle spasms or weakness.

3. TENS for Neuropathy Pain:

Neuropathy, caused by conditions like diabetes, chemotherapy, alcohol abuse, or other nerve damage conditions, often presents with symptoms such as tingling, burning, sharp pain, or numbness. TENS can be beneficial in managing these symptoms in the following ways:

• Pain Reduction: TENS helps reduce the discomfort caused by neuropathy, especially burning, tingling, or stabbing pains, by modifying the way pain is processed by the nervous system.
• Improved Blood Circulation: By stimulating the nerves, TENS can promote improved blood flow to the area, which may help alleviate some of the pain associated with poor circulation, which is common in diabetic neuropathy.
• Muscle Relaxation: In some cases, neuropathy can cause muscle spasms or weakness, especially in the feet or hands. TENS can help reduce muscle tension and spasm, which may also improve functional mobility.

4. Benefits of TENS for Neuropathy:

• Non-invasive: TENS is a non-invasive and safe treatment option that doesn’t require medication or surgery.
• Customizable: TENS units can be adjusted to different settings, allowing the user or healthcare provider to tailor the intensity, frequency, and duration of the electrical impulses to the patient’s specific needs.
• Immediate Pain Relief: TENS provides immediate relief from pain during use, making it helpful for managing acute episodes of neuropathy pain.
• Improves Quality of Life: By alleviating neuropathy-related pain, TENS can enhance overall functionality and improve the quality of life, allowing individuals to engage more comfortably in daily activities.

5. Usage and Application:

• Electrode Placement: The TENS unit is connected to electrodes that are placed on the skin near the area of neuropathy pain. For example, in diabetic neuropathy of the feet, electrodes may be placed on the legs or feet. In cervical or lumbar radiculopathy, electrodes may be placed on the back or neck.
• Duration of Use: Sessions typically last from 15 to 30 minutes. TENS can be used multiple times per day, depending on the severity of the pain and individual tolerance.

6. Considerations and Side Effects:

• No Side Effects: TENS is generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects. However, some people may experience skin irritation or redness at the electrode site.
• Contraindications: TENS should be avoided by individuals with pacemakers, implanted defibrillators, or other electronic implants, as electrical stimulation may interfere with these devices. It is also not recommended for people with certain types of skin conditions or open wounds in the area of application.
• Consultation with Healthcare Providers: It is important to consult a healthcare provider before starting TENS therapy to ensure it’s appropriate for the specific type of neuropathy and individual health circumstances.

Conclusion:

TENS is a valuable tool in managing neuropathic pain by stimulating the nerves and modulating the way pain signals are transmitted. By providing both immediate and potentially long-lasting pain relief, it can be an effective component of a comprehensive neuropathy management plan. TENS can improve the quality of life for individuals with neuropathy, offering a non-pharmacological alternative to pain management.